Researchers have recently connected the molecular dots between Periodontitis and heart disease.
Periodontitis is a risk factor for heart disease. Now, the team has shown that a periodontal pathogen causes changes in gene expression that boost inflammation and atherosclerosis in aortic smooth muscle cells.
The circumstantial evidence that led to this study was ample. The periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has also been found in coronary artery plaques of heart attack patients. And in two species of animal models, P. gingivalis has been shown to cause and accelerate formation of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis.
The investigators, led by Torbjorn Bengtsson of the Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, orebro University, orebro, Sweden, showed how this happens.
They began by culturing human aortic smooth muscle cells, and infecting them with P. gingivalis. They found that gingipains, virulence factors produced by P. gingivalis, boost expression of the pro-inflammatory angiopoietin 2, while dampening expression of the anti-inflammatory angiopoietin 1 in the smooth muscle cells, with the net effect of increasing inflammation. Inflammation is strongly implicated in atherosclerosis.
Although unstimulated [aortic smooth muscle cells] produce angiopoietin 2 at a low level, stimulation with wild-type P. gingivalis dramatically increases the gene expression of angiopoietin 2 in [aortic smooth muscle cells], the investigators wrote.
First author Boxi Zhang said that the research clarifies the mechanism behind the association of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, adding that their aim is to find biomarkers that can help us diagnose and treat both diseases.
